Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2015, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 9-19
Space experiments for the study of Earth from space on the Russian Segment of the International Space Station
V.P. Savorskiy
1 , A.B. Akvilonova
1 , I.N. Kibardina
1 , S.M. Maklakov
1 1 Fryazino Dept. of V.A. Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics RAS, Fryazino, Moscow Region, Russia
An analytical review of the state of scientific and applied researches on the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS) is presented. These researches are performed according to the program of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Council "Earth observation from space". The review is limited to the works finished in 2012–2014 and carried out or prepared for performance now. Experiments include the methods based on measurements of Earth radiation in the wide band of wavelengths, from visible to microwaves. The experiments are aimed at the development of methods and means for satellite remote sensing of land and ocean surfaces, determining the climate forcing factors, developing tools for monitoring of forest ecosystems, natural resources, environmental control, and disaster mitigation purposes. Various scientific instruments are used in these space researches. Earth observation from space is performed using multi-purpose instruments for visible and infrared (IR) bands, visible and infrared spectrometers, as well as passive and active microwave devices. Brief characteristics of the equipment are presented. The analysis identified the most important problem to be addressed to increase the efficiency of preparation and implementation of space experiments. In particular, the efficiency can be essentially increased by development and fulfillment of a uniform coordinated program for creation of a scientific equipment complex for Earth observation from RS ISS.
Keywords: space experiments, study of the Earth from space, remote sensing of the Earth, International Space Station (ISS), Coordinating Research Council (science and technology committees)
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