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Computational estimation of daily variations of local vertical direction derived from horizon line observation

V.A. Grishin¹

¹ Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia

The horizon line which can be observed in different optical bands is used for navigation. In particular, local vertical is determined on horizon line. Local vertical together with star sensor are used for calculation latitude and longitude. It is necessary to distinguish two cases. In the first case, the horizon line is formed by the contrast between Earth and the atmosphere. It is possible only if absorption and dissipation are not too large. In the second case absorption and dissipation are too large that we cannot observe the line which separates images of Earth and sky. In this case, the line which we see as the horizon really is generated by the contrast between different atmospherical layers. Said contrast is formed as the result of the complicated process of sunlight propagation in the Earth atmosphere, absorption and dissipation of this sunlight, as well as reflection sunlight from the earth surface. Intrinsic Earth radiation is added in the infrared bands. Daily movement of the sun, as the powerful radiation source, across the sky influences on all these processes. Incoming radiation for different angles of elevation and azimuths were calculated. On results of calculations, the elevation angle of the horizon line was determined as the direction of extremal contrast. Local vertical orientation was calculated on the elevation angles in 36 directions on the azimuth. These calculations were performed for various times during the day and night, for different altitudes and for different strips of the optical wavelength band.

Keywords: horizon line image, light absorption and dissipation in atmosphere, influence the Sun daily movement to the local vertical calculation errors.

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