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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2024, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 223-234

Analysis of soil cover of clearcuts using unmanned aerial vehicle

A.S. Ilintsev 1 , N.S. Cherkasov 2 
1 Northern Research Institute of Forestry, Arkhangelsk, Russia
2 Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
Accepted: 12.08.2024
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2024-21-4-223-234
The article presents the results of a study of soil cover of 27 clearcuts in the north taiga forest of the Arkhangelsk Region. We used an unmanned aerial vehicle to measure the area and classes of soil disturbances on clearcuts in the most common forest conditions. Using desk processing of the obtained images, we created orthophotographs and manually marked disturbances caused by logging machinery on each clearcut. The depth of the ruts was calculated based on the differences in measurement between the digital surface model and the digital terrain model, with a measurement step of one meter. The data obtained were divided into three classes of disturbances: light (up to 15 cm), moderate (15 to 30 cm), and severe (more than 30 cm). To compare the data, we used the Kruskal – Wallis ANOVA test (H) and the Mann – Whitney U-Test (Z) at a 0.05 significance level (p). It has been established that the area of disturbances to the soil cover varies from 9.2 to 12.4 % of the total area of clearcut. We noted a significant influence of the timber harvesting season on the proportion of disturbances to the soil cover (H = 6.98; p = 0.030). The largest proportion of disturbed soils is observed in spring and autumn clearcuts compared to winter clearcuts (Z = 2.59; p = 0.029). On fresh soils, light disturbances prevail, accounting for 63.5 %, while moderate disturbances account for 27.0 % and severe disturbances for 9.5 % of the total disturbed area. On moist soils, light disturbances also prevail, the proportion of which is 73.0 %; the proportion of moderate ones is 21.5 % and the proportion of severe ones is 5.5 %. We noted a significant influence of the harvesting season on the distribution of light (H = 5.78; p = 0.050) and severe damages (H = 9.91; p = 0.007). The proportion of severe disturbances increases in summer logging to 9.3 % compared to winter logging, where the proportion of severe disturbances is only 1.4 % (Z = 3.09; p = 0.006). We revealed that deep ruts are confined to main skid trails and loading points, where the largest number of logging machinery passes is noted. In addition, severe soil disturbances are associated with lowered terrain areas, as well as the laying of secondary skid trails through temporary watercourses and wetlands. Sustainable forest management should be improved to limit and reduce negative soil cover disturbances.
Keywords: timber harvesting, logging machinery, technological elements of logging sites, unmanned aerial vehicle, digital surface model, digital terrain model, soil disturbances, rutting
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