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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2019, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 121-133

Fire regime of North Caspian landscapes according to the data of active burning centers

S.S. Shinkarenko 1 
1 Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Meliorations and Agroforestry RAS, Volgograd, Russia
Accepted: 12.10.2018
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-1-121-133
The paper discusses the results of space-time analysis of active burning centers in North Caspian. Over the past two decades, a lot of researchers have noted an increase in the intensity of landscape fires. This is connected with the emergence of a large number of fallow lands and a decrease in pasture loads at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries amid rising temperatures and humidification. As a result, the phytomass accumulates that contributes to fire spreading over significant areas during summer droughts. A classification of Astrakhan and Volgograd Regions, Kalmykia in Russia and Atyrau and West Kazakhstan regions of Kazakhstan is carried out according to the average number of FIRMS (Fire Information Resource Management System) burning centers; also, the months with maximum fire intensity are determined. In typical-steppe and dry-steppe landscapes fires prevail in the end of summer – beginning of autumn. In the semi-desert the main part of fire sites is observed in summer, spring fires in the valleys of the Volga and the Urals regularly happen in April. In north-desert landscapes the third part of fires occurs in March and April. The possibility of using data on active burning canters has been studied in order to estimate the scale of steppe fires from comparison of burnings of 2017 decoded using Landsat satellite images and the number of thermal points falling within the boundaries of the burnings. With an increase in the areas of fires, the number of corresponding points is growing, but at the same time the number of points per unit area of fires is decreasing. About half of the fires are not identified by FIRMS, their average area being 3–4 km2, but their share in the total area of burned-out territories does not exceed 2 %. More than 90 % of fire areas is made up of ignitions of over 50 km2 in size. The largest burnings (up to 9000 km2) are located on the border of Atyrau and West Kazakhstan regions. Low density of population and degree of economic development of the territory contribute to the spread of fire. In 2017, in the given region the total number of 437 steppe fires were recorded with a total area of 50 096 km2.
Keywords: landscape fires, GIS, remote sensing, MODIS, Landsat, FIRMS, active fires, monitoring, Caspian region
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